TIPOS DE EVAPORADORES
TYPES OF EVAPORATORSDry expansion evaporator.
In the direct expansion evaporators evaporation of the refrigerant is conducted through its travel through the evaporator, being the state of a mixture of this intermediate point.Thus, the fluid leaving the evaporator is purely superheated steam. These evaporators are the most common and widely used in air conditioning systems. But are widely used in the cooling medium and low temperature, they are best suited for high volume facilities.
In the direct expansion evaporators evaporation of the refrigerant is conducted through its travel through the evaporator, being the state of a mixture of this intermediate point.Thus, the fluid leaving the evaporator is purely superheated steam. These evaporators are the most common and widely used in air conditioning systems. But are widely used in the cooling medium and low temperature, they are best suited for high volume facilities.
En los evaporadores de expansión directa la evaporación del refrigerante se lleva a cabo a través de su recorrido
por el evaporador, encontrándose este en estado de mezcla en un
punto intermedio de este. De esta manera, el fluido que
abandona el evaporador es puramente vapor
sobrecalentado. Estos evaporadores son los más comunes y son ampliamente
utilizados en sistemas de aire acondicionado. No obstante son muy utilizados en
la refrigeración de media y baja temperatura, no son los más apropiados para
instalaciones de gran volumen.
Flooded evaporator.
The flooded evaporators with refrigerant working fluid thereby completely filled in order to have wetted the entire inner surface of the exchanger and, consequently, the largest possible ratio of heat transfer. A flooded evaporator is equipped with an accumulator or steam manifold which serves both as a liquid receiver, from which the liquid coolant is circulated by gravity through the evaporator circuit. Are preferably used in industrial applications, with a considerable number of evaporators, operating at low temperature and using ammonia (R717) as a refrigerant.
Los evaporadores inundados trabajan con refrigerante líquido con lo cual se llenan por completo a fin
de tener humedecida toda la superficie interior del intercambiador y, en consecuencia, la mayor razón posible
de transferencia de calor.
El evaporador inundado está equipado con un acumulador o colector de vapor el que sirve, a la vez, como receptor de líquido, desde el cual el refrigerante líquido es circulado
por gravedad a través de los
circuitos del evaporador. Preferentemente son utilizados en aplicaciones
industriales, con un número considerable de evaporadores, operando a baja
temperatura y utilizando amoníaco(R717) como refrigerante.
Overfed evaporator.
A supercharged evaporator is one in which the amount of circulating liquid refrigerant through the evaporator occurs in considerable excess and it can also be vaporized.
A supercharged evaporator is one in which the amount of circulating liquid refrigerant through the evaporator occurs in considerable excess and it can also be vaporized.
Un evaporador
sobrealimentado es aquel en el cual la cantidad de
refrigerante líquido en circulación a través del evaporador ocurre con
considerable exceso y que además puede ser vaporizado.
Según tipo de construcción
Tubo descubierto
By type of constructionTube discovered
Discovered tube evaporators usually are built on copper or steel pipe. The steel pipe is used in large evaporators and when the refrigerant to be used is ammonia (R717), while for small evaporators copper is used. Are widely used for cooling fluid or using secondary refrigerant through the interior (brine, glycol), where the phenomenon of evaporation of refrigerant is not carried out, but rather they comply with the work of heat exchangers.
Los evaporadores de tubo descubierto se construyen por
lo general en tuberías de cobre o bien en tubería de acero.
El tubo de acero se utiliza en grandes evaporadores y cuando el refrigerante a
utilizar sea amoníaco (R717), mientras para pequeños
evaporadores se utiliza cobre. Son ampliamente utilizados para el enfriamiento
de líquidos o bien utilizando refrigerante secundario por su interior (salmuera, glicol),
donde el fenómeno de evaporación de refrigerante no se lleva a cabo, sino más
bien estos cumplen la labor de intercambiadores de calor.
De superficie de Placa
Surface Plate
There are several types of these evaporators. One of them consists of two corrugated plates which are asymmetrical and hermetically welded against each other so that the refrigerant gas can flow through them, are widely used in refrigerators and freezers due to their economy, ease of cleaning and modulation of manufacture . Another type of evaporator corresponds to a bent pipe coil installed in between two metal plates welded along its banks. Both types of evaporators, which are often coated with epoxy paint, with excellent response in refrigeration applications for maintenance of frozen products.
Existen varios tipos de estos evaporadores. Uno de
ellos consta de dos placas acanaladas y asimétricas las cuales son soldadas
herméticamente una contra la otra de manera tal que el gas refrigerante pueda
fluir por entre ellas; son ampliamente usados en refrigeradores y congeladores
debido a su economía, fácil limpieza y modulación de fabricación. Otro tipo de
evaporador corresponde a una tubería doblada en serpentín instalada entre dos
placas metálicas soldadas por sus orillas. Ambos tipos de evaporadores, los que
suelen ir recubiertos con pintura epóxica, tienen excelente respuesta en
aplicaciones de refrigeración para mantención de productos congelados.
Evaporadores Aleteados
Finned evaporators
The coils are finned tube coils discovered which are placed on metal plates or fins and are the most widely used in industrial refrigeration equipment like air conditioning. The flaps serve as heat-absorbing secondary surface and has the effect of increasing the external surface area of the heat exchanger, improving efficiency therefore to cool air or other gases.The size and spacing of the fins depends on the type of application which is designed for the coil. Small tubes require small fins and vice versa. The spacing of the fins ranges from 1 to 14 fins per inch, depending mainly on the operating temperature of the coil. The lower the temperature, wider fin spacing, this distance between the fins is of elementary importance facing frost because this can partially or completely obstruct the airflow and decrease the performance of the evaporator.
Regarding the finned evaporators for air conditioning, and evaporate because at higher temperatures and do not generate frost, these can be up to 14 fins per inch. Since there is a relationship between inner and outer surface for these heat exchangers, it is quite inefficient to increase the number of fins above that value (to increase the exchange surface optimizing the size of the evaporator), as it decreases the efficiency of the evaporator hindering the circulation of air through this.
This air circulation is done in two ways: by forced convection by fans-whether centrifugal or axial, mono or three phase, as the application-and naturally by air density differences, a phenomenon known as natural convection.
The coils are finned tube coils discovered which are placed on metal plates or fins and are the most widely used in industrial refrigeration equipment like air conditioning. The flaps serve as heat-absorbing secondary surface and has the effect of increasing the external surface area of the heat exchanger, improving efficiency therefore to cool air or other gases.The size and spacing of the fins depends on the type of application which is designed for the coil. Small tubes require small fins and vice versa. The spacing of the fins ranges from 1 to 14 fins per inch, depending mainly on the operating temperature of the coil. The lower the temperature, wider fin spacing, this distance between the fins is of elementary importance facing frost because this can partially or completely obstruct the airflow and decrease the performance of the evaporator.
Regarding the finned evaporators for air conditioning, and evaporate because at higher temperatures and do not generate frost, these can be up to 14 fins per inch. Since there is a relationship between inner and outer surface for these heat exchangers, it is quite inefficient to increase the number of fins above that value (to increase the exchange surface optimizing the size of the evaporator), as it decreases the efficiency of the evaporator hindering the circulation of air through this.
This air circulation is done in two ways: by forced convection by fans-whether centrifugal or axial, mono or three phase, as the application-and naturally by air density differences, a phenomenon known as natural convection.
Los serpentines aleteados son serpentines de tubo
descubierto sobre los cuales se colocan placas metálicas o aletas y son los más
ampliamente utilizados en la refrigeración industrial como en los equipos de
aire acondicionado. Las aletas sirven como superficie secundaria absorbedora de calor y tiene por efecto aumentar el área superficial externa del intercambiador de
calor, mejorándose por tanto la eficiencia para enfriar aire u otros gases.
El tamaño y espaciamiento de las aletas depende del
tipo de aplicación para el cual está diseñado el serpentín. Tubos pequeños
requieren aletas pequeñas y viceversa. El espaciamiento de la aletas varía
entre 1 hasta 14 aletas por pulgada, dependiendo principalmente de la temperatura de
operación del serpentín. A menor temperatura, mayor espaciamiento entre aletas;
esta distancia entre las aletas es de elemental relevancia frente la formación
de escarcha debido a que esta puede obstruir parcial o totalmente la
circulación de aire y disminuir el rendimiento del evaporador.
Respecto de los evaporadores aleteados para aire
acondicionado, y debido a que evaporan a mayores temperaturas y no generan
escarcha, estos pueden tener hasta 14 aletas por pulgada. Ya que existe una
relación entre superficie interior y exterior para estos intercambiadores de
calor, resulta del todo ineficiente aumentar el número de aletas por sobre ese
valor (para aumentar superficie de intercambio optimizando el tamaño del
evaporador), ya que se disminuye la eficiencia del evaporador dificultando la
circulación del aire a través de este.
Esta circulación de aire se realiza de dos maneras:
por convección forzada por ventiladores –bien sean centrífugos o axiales, mono o trifásicos, conforme la aplicación- y de manera natural por
diferencia de densidades del aire, fenómeno conocido como convección natural.
Evaporadores para Enfriamiento de Líquido
Liquid Cooling EvaporatorsIs a coil which supplies liquid cooled wide range of heat transfer between the refrigerant and the liquid to be cooled. The coolant path can be through one or other of the tubes but usually the brine or liquid which is to be cooled is circulated through the inner tube and the refrigerant removes heat is between the two tubes. This type of coil for heat exchange is also used in the design of capacitors and pipes.
Es un serpentín que enfría líquido que suministra gran
rango de transferencia de calor entre el refrigerante y el líquido que va a ser
enfriado. El camino del refrigerante puede ser a través de uno u otro de los
tubos aunque usualmente la salmuera o liquido que va a ser enfriado se hace
circular a través del tubo interior y el refrigerante que remueve el calor esta
entre los dos tubos. Este tipo de serpentín para intercambio de calor se usa también
en el diseño de condensadores y pipas.
Enfriador Baudelot
Cooler BaudelotCan be used for cooling water or other liquids or for various industrial uses, and is often used as a milk cooler. The evaporator tubing is placed vertically, and the liquid to be cooled is circulated over cooling coils by gravity flow from the arrangement positioned over the coils. The liquid is collected in a tray which can be recirculated through the cooler Baudelot or pumped to its destination in the industrial process
Puede usarse para enfriar agua, u otros líquidos o
para varios usos industriales, y es frecuentemente usado como enfriador de
leche. La tubería del evaporador se coloca verticalmente, y el liquido que va a
enfriarse se hace circular sobre los serpentines de enfriamientos mediante el
flujo de gravedad desde el arreglo colocado encima de los serpentines. El líquido
es recogido en una bandeja la cual puede ser recirculado por el enfriador
baudelot o bombeado a su destino en el proceso industrial
Enfriador tipo tanque
Cooler TankTank the cooler consists of a coil of bare tube Refrigerating fluid, installed in a large tank containing the liquid to be cooled.
The coil is separated by baffle half the bulk of the liquid, circulating it through the coil driven by a motorized stirrer.
This cooler is used in those cases in which healing is not an important factor in large and frequent applications of load fluctuations, given its great inertia, and in applications in which the liquid enters the cooler at relatively high temperatures . It is widely used for cooling water, brine and other secondary coolants.
The coil is separated by baffle half the bulk of the liquid, circulating it through the coil driven by a motorized stirrer.
This cooler is used in those cases in which healing is not an important factor in large and frequent applications of load fluctuations, given its great inertia, and in applications in which the liquid enters the cooler at relatively high temperatures . It is widely used for cooling water, brine and other secondary coolants.
El enfriador tipo tanque consiste en un serpentín de
fluido frigorífero de tubo desnudo, instalado dentro de un gran tanque que
contiene el líquido a enfriar.
El serpentín está separado por un medio deflector de
la masa principal del líquido, circulando éste a través del serpentín movido
por un agitador motorizado.
Este enfriador se utiliza en aquellos casos en que la
sanidad no sea un factor importante, en las aplicaciones de grandes y
frecuentes fluctuaciones de la carga, dada su gran inercia, y en las
aplicaciones en que el líquido entra en el enfriador a temperaturas
relativamente altas. Se emplea mucho para enfriamiento de agua, salmuera y otros
líquidos refrigerantes secundarios.
Enfriador con serpentín en casco
Coil cooler with helmetThis type consists of a bare tube cooler installed at the center or side of the steel tank immersed in the liquid to be cooled, the coil is separated from the main body of liquid by a deflector. Within this type of evaporators are used as the battery of ice.
Este tipo consiste en un enfriador de tubos lisos
instalado en el centro o al lado del tanque de acero, sumergido en el líquido a
enfriar, el serpentín está separado del cuerpo principal del líquido por un
deflector. Dentro de este tipo de evaporadores se encuentran los utilizados
como acumuladores de hielo.
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